Nebraskaland

April 2023 • Nebraskaland 49 they approached the Missouri River and likely dealt with it as they had most previous smaller rivers and streams, by simply swimming across as wolves are capable swimmers. They would have walked day after day for weeks or months to traverse hundreds of miles in unfamiliar territory, eaten deer, rabbits, mice, beavers, whatever they could find along the way, and eventually crossed into Nebraska from one of our neighboring states. Present Status and Management for Wolves in Nebraska Wild wolves that come to Nebraska are listed as federally endangered and are therefore protected under the authority of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). Gray wolves were previously taken off the Federal Endangered Species list on January 4, 2021, after the Service determined populations had been recovered. They were not protected for more than a year until federal protections were restored in Nebraska and 43 other states following a court order on February 10, 2022. Wolves may be killed only for the immediate protection of a person. Management of wolves is fraught with challenges, even in western states with huge tracts of public lands. Nebraska is an agricultural state and the second largest cattle producer in the country. It is also more than 98% privately owned. Because of these factors, the Commission has no plans to reintroduce wolves to Nebraska. Any wolves that may enter from adjacent states or pass through Nebraska are currently federally protected. The Commission will work with the Service to monitor wolves and respond to any wolf-related conflicts that may occur. If people have evidence of wild wolf presence in Nebraska, they should contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the nearest Nebraska Game and Parks Commission office. N Wolf Bounties in Nebraska Wolf hunt near Glenville, Nebraska, in 1913. "The larger number of claims coming into the [Nebraska] State Auditor's office for bounties on wolves and coyotes has led that official to make an investigation," said the New York Times on January 20, 1902, "and he has arrived at the conclusion that the farmers and ranchers in the western part of the State have gone into the business of breeding these animals for the bounty market. In one instance it was found that one farmer had raised more than 100 wolves last Summer from several animals he had trapped and penned up for that purpose. "Other cases were unearthed where from fifty to sixty of these animals had been reared. In October and November they were killed and their scalps presented for redemption at the office of the County Clerk of each county. The State law authorized the County Clerk to pay $3 from the county fund for each coyote or wolf scalp presented, and he certifies the fact of payment to the Auditor, who pays $1 additional, making $4 for each wolf or coyote. The State Auditor declares that this pays better than hog raising, and naturally the farmers have turned their attention to this industry. "The law was passed years ago when the wolf and coyote were great foes of the cattle and sheep men. In the last ten years $150,000 has been paid by the State alone as bounty. The Legislature of 1899 appropriated $60,000 for the purpose, and of this amount $43,000 was immediately demanded by holders of old claims. The remaining $15,000 was gone within six months, and when the last Legislature appropriated $15,000 it was at once swallowed up by holders of old claims. "There are now on file with the Auditor claims aggregating $25,000, and by the end of next year this figure will be doubled. These figures indicate that instead of being killed off, the wolves are increasing. The explanation is now simple." A new wolf bounty law, sponsored by James A. Douglas of Rock County, took effect in 1905. It provided for a bounty of $5.00 for each wolf, $1.25 for each coyote, and $1.00 for each lynx killed. The Lincoln Evening News of November 28, 1905, noted continuing problems with wolf bounty claims under the new law. The News said: "Some of the state officials charged with supervision over the operations of the law are a little fearful that some of the county clerks are not well enough versed in animal lore to know the difference between the scalp of a yellow dog and that of a wolf, so that when John Jones comes in with a few bits of raw fur and ears attached they are apt to take the word of the claimant, as to the character of the creature from which the trophies were taken." – Courtesy of History Nebraska

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